Personal injury cases are civil tort actions seeking monetary compensation rather than criminal penalties against wrongdoers. They’re distinct from contract disputes, focusing on duties owed to prevent harming others through reasonable care. These cases rely on negligence theories requiring proof of duty, breach, causation, and damages. Some involve intentional torts like assault or strict liability for inherently dangerous activities or defective products. Personal injury intersects with insurance law since most defendants carry liability coverage paying claims. Cases can include multiple legal theories and defendants depending on circumstances surrounding the injury. The civil burden requires proving claims by preponderance of evidence, lower than criminal cases’ reasonable doubt standard.